The MAPS process incorporates chemical, physical and electrostatic processes to concurrently remove SO2, SO3 and NOx, along with mercury (Hg) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter.
Enstreet News Bureau11/4/2009
Power producers operating coal fired boilers for electricity generation are challenged to remove multiple pollutants from their flue gases in order to meet environmental regulations. Within the next few years, regulations are anticipated that will require further reductions in NOx and SO2 as well as more stringent control of mercury and fine particulate emissions at coal fired power plants. Worldwide, there is an aging coal fired fleet and many of the typical smaller units cannot financially support the capital investment needed to install SCRs for the control of NOx, scrubbers for SO2 control and baghouses downstream of activated carbon injection for Hg control. This situation has produced a need for new technologies to provide low capital cost pollutant reduction at these plants. The Indigo Technologies’ MAPSystem (Multiple Air Pollutant Control System) is a novel technology that meets this need. The Indigo MAPSystem is a fully retrofit, add-on emissions reduction technology. The MAPS process incorporates chemical, physical and electrostatic processes to concurrently remove SO2, SO3 and NOx, along with mercury (Hg) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter. The primary MAPS device is fundamentally a reactor tower with multiple, strategically placed injection and measurement ports. The parametrics for the series of reactions taking place in the Indigo MAPSystem are managed via a feedback system based on set points for the emissions limits. The technology leverages proven processes in a manner whereby the combination of the processes enhances the performance of each individual process as a result of synergies between each of seven stages of the overall processes: Stage 1 – An activated oxidizing reagent is injected into the flue gas via a proprietary mixing nozzle to oxidize the nitrogen oxide in the vapor phase. Stage 2 – Lime is injected to create an alkaline environment within the reactor tower. Stage 3 – A fine water mist, sprayed into the upper section of the first (upflow) leg of the tower, cools the gas to a temperature approaching water dew point, generally 54-71°C (130-160°F), and forms an acid mist of the SOx and NOx. The mercury is removed in a parallel reaction. Stage 4 – An alkaline sorbent is injected at the top of the tower to neutralize the acids and convert the hydrated products of the oxidation processes into salts that can be collected as particulate in a conventional filtration device. Stage 5 – The second (downflow) leg of the tower contains the Indigo FPCSystem (Fine Particle Control System, a proprietary technology that combines electrostatic and fluidic processes to promote the interaction of particles in the gas stream and cause the fine particles to permanently attach to larger particles.) The high efficiency micro-mixing process embodied in the Indigo FPCSystem enhances the absorption of the acid mist and agglomerates the fine particulate to larger particles in the gas stream. [As such, the Indigo FPCSystem can be installed as “MAPS ready”, with the MAPS tower added at a later date, to facilitate a highly cost effective, phased implementation of a total compliance solution, commensurate with regulatory deadlines]. Stage 6 – If required, the cleaned gas is reheated to well above dew point temperature to eliminate any risk of corrosion in the ESP and ensure stack buoyancy. Stage 7 – All resulting particulate emissions are collected in the existing ESP (or other filtration device) with greatly improved efficiency. For ESPs in particular, efficiency is greatly increased due to: Reduction of the gas temperature Increased gas moisture content Removal of most of the fine (PM2.5) particulate Reaction of acid gases with suspended alkaline particulate to reduce its resistivity All sorbents and reagents used in the Indigo MAPSystem are sustainable chemicals with byproducts that can be recycled. The MAPS process yields sodium free ash that is suitable for use in cement. Full scale operation of early MAPSystem commercial units in Eastern Europe and pilot trials in the US, have demonstrated the following level of performance in emissions reductions: >90% SO2 95% SO3 50% NOx >75% Mercury (elemental, ionic and particulate) >50% PM2.5 >40% Opacity reduction Based on this history, the above performance levels will be guaranteed for all full scale demonstration installations that are currently being offered by Indigo. Significantly higher reductions are anticipated to be achievable and guaranteed at the time the Indigo MAPSystem is made fully commercially available in 2011: >95% SO2 >98% SO3 >70% NOx >90% Mercury (elemental, ionic and particulate) 50% PM2.5 >40% Opacity reduction The Indigo MAPSystem has a small footprint of less than 150 square meters, 300 square meters including all reagent storage equipment, which addresses the typical real estate constraints of older generation units. Fully retrofit, the device is cut into the existing ductwork and installed immediately after the air pre heater and before the ESP (or other filtration device). The Indigo MAPS technology also has a built in flexibility, whereby the series of reactions can be decentralized and relocated if being carried out in conjunction with existing DSI processes or downstream scrubbers to provide optimum removal efficiencies as the application requires. The chemistry of the Indigo MAPSystem removal process is very well defined. Outcomes can be reliably predicted and controlled with considerable accuracy. This affords both old and new installations a high level of confidence in achieving and staying in regulatory compliance while allowing wider operating margins and greater fuel flexibility. Indigo Technologies is now seeking sites for the installation of full scale demonstration units of the Indigo MAPSystem. Demo installations are being offered at a discount and with full guarantees. For all enquiries regarding participation in the Indigo MAPS demonstration installation program, please contact: JoAnn PacinelliChief Operating OfficerIndigo TechnologiesPh: +1 412 358 0171Mb: +1 412 427 0133E: joann@indigotechnologies-us.com
Power producers operating coal fired boilers for electricity generation are challenged to remove multiple pollutants from their flue gases in order to meet environmental regulations. Within the next few years, regulations are anticipated that will require further reductions in NOx and SO2 as well as more stringent control of mercury and fine particulate emissions at coal fired power plants. Worldwide, there is an aging coal fired fleet and many of the typical smaller units cannot financially support the capital investment needed to install SCRs for the control of NOx, scrubbers for SO2 control and baghouses downstream of activated carbon injection for Hg control. This situation has produced a need for new technologies to provide low capital cost pollutant reduction at these plants. The Indigo Technologies’ MAPSystem (Multiple Air Pollutant Control System) is a novel technology that meets this need.
The Indigo MAPSystem is a fully retrofit, add-on emissions reduction technology. The MAPS process incorporates chemical, physical and electrostatic processes to concurrently remove SO2, SO3 and NOx, along with mercury (Hg) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter. The primary MAPS device is fundamentally a reactor tower with multiple, strategically placed injection and measurement ports. The parametrics for the series of reactions taking place in the Indigo MAPSystem are managed via a feedback system based on set points for the emissions limits. The technology leverages proven processes in a manner whereby the combination of the processes enhances the performance of each individual process as a result of synergies between each of seven stages of the overall processes:
All sorbents and reagents used in the Indigo MAPSystem are sustainable chemicals with byproducts that can be recycled. The MAPS process yields sodium free ash that is suitable for use in cement. Full scale operation of early MAPSystem commercial units in Eastern Europe and pilot trials in the US, have demonstrated the following level of performance in emissions reductions:
Based on this history, the above performance levels will be guaranteed for all full scale demonstration installations that are currently being offered by Indigo.
Significantly higher reductions are anticipated to be achievable and guaranteed at the time the Indigo MAPSystem is made fully commercially available in 2011:
The Indigo MAPSystem has a small footprint of less than 150 square meters, 300 square meters including all reagent storage equipment, which addresses the typical real estate constraints of older generation units. Fully retrofit, the device is cut into the existing ductwork and installed immediately after the air pre heater and before the ESP (or other filtration device). The Indigo MAPS technology also has a built in flexibility, whereby the series of reactions can be decentralized and relocated if being carried out in conjunction with existing DSI processes or downstream scrubbers to provide optimum removal efficiencies as the application requires.
The chemistry of the Indigo MAPSystem removal process is very well defined.
Outcomes can be reliably predicted and controlled with considerable accuracy. This affords both old and new installations a high level of confidence in achieving and staying in regulatory compliance while allowing wider operating margins and greater fuel flexibility.
Indigo Technologies is now seeking sites for the installation of full scale demonstration units of the Indigo MAPSystem. Demo installations are being offered at a discount and with full guarantees. For all enquiries regarding participation in the Indigo MAPS demonstration installation program, please contact:
JoAnn PacinelliChief Operating OfficerIndigo TechnologiesPh: +1 412 358 0171Mb: +1 412 427 0133E: joann@indigotechnologies-us.com
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